The Insanity Defense Free Essays

Norval Morris and Stephen Morse offer two differentiating sees with respect to the authenticity of the madness barrier in criminal cases. Morris advocates decreasing the heaviness of the madness guard from one of unique exclusion to one of â€Å"diminished responsibility†. Morse offers a protection of the madness guard as it as of now stands. We will compose a custom paper test on The Insanity Defense or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The point on which the issue turns is decision. Do the intellectually sick have the ability to comprehend the law and to deliberately break it? Or on the other hand does psychological instability block the chance of obligation regarding one’s actions?Morris contends that opportunity of decision exists on a continuum, and that to treat the intellectually sick in highly contrasting terms as to duty is imprudence. He proceeds to contend that other alleviating conditions, for example, financial status, appear to have a more prominent causal connect to criminal conduct. He infers that psychological sickness ought to be a moderating situation that can be utilized in decreased condemning, as opposed to an uncommon exclusion from the law. Morse contends utilizing the fundamental good standards called upon to legitimize the madness protection, specifically an absence of intellectual limit, which blocks the chance of responsibility.While Morris brings up some great criticisms regarding the craziness barrier, I am still increasingly slanted to concur with Morse. I concur that in certain conditions, let’s state a patient with a temperament issue, it bodes well to regard the intellectually sick as having decreased duty. Be that as it may, to state opportunity of decision exists just on some continuum and that nobody is ever totally untrustworthy for their activities appears to me to deny such cases as somebody encountering a fugue state or complete insane break. A protest that could be raised (and which Morris raises) to my perspective is one of procedure.Cases in which a criminal demonstration was carried out by somebody who was not in the least answerable for their activities are uncommon, and making the way for madness as a unique safeguard unavoidably brings about other criminal guilty parties going unpunished by professing to psychological sickness. While this is a real complaint that has the right to be tended to, it should be treated as an issue of utilization as opposed to one of guideline. Regardless, I would very much want to live under a lawful framework in which a few crooks go free than one in which a few people who do not have the psychological ability to carry out a wrongdoing are reb uffed as though they did. Step by step instructions to refer to The Insanity Defense, Papers

Managerical stats problem Speech or Presentation

Managerical details issue - Speech or Presentation Example The National Football League (NFL)records an assortment information for people and group (http://www.nfl.com).Some of the year-end execution information for the 2005 season show up on the information plate in the document NFL Stats. Each line of the informational index relates to a NFL group, and the groups are positioned by winning rate. Depictions for information follow: WinPct : Percentage of matches dominated, DefYds/G: Average number of yards per gam abandoned protection, Rush Yds/G: Average number of hurrying yards per game PassYds/G: Average number of passing yards per game, FGPct: Percentage of field objectives, TakeInt: Takeaway capture attempts; the all out number of block attempts made by the groups safeguard, Takefum: Takeaway mishandles; the all out number of bobbles recuperated by the groups guard, GiveInt: Giveaway interferences; the complete number of captures tossed by the groups offense, GiveFum; Giveaway bungles; the all out number of bumbles lost by the groups off ense 6.Starting with the evaluated relapse condition created being referred to 1, erase any free factors that are not valuable (i.e., the variable with p_value greater than 0.05). Utilize the factors left, run the relapse (Y variable is the equivalent). 3. r2 = 0.419 implying that 42 % of the needy variable (Winpact) can be clarified by the free factors: DefYds/G, RushYds/G, PassYds/G and FGPct. This implies around 58 % can't be clarified thus the condition isn't extremely valuable. 4. From the relapse condition it appears the autonomous variable, RushYds/G has the biggest constructive outcome on the free factor by 0.004249, DefYds/G diminishes the needy variable by a numerous of 0.00333 while PassYds/G has a positive various impact by 0.000375 lastly FGPct diminishes the autonomous variable by a size of †0.00064 7. r2 = 0.266 implying that 26 % of the reliant variable (Winpact) can be clarified by the autonomous factors:

Effective Classroom Presentations with Mind Maps - Focus

Effective Classroom Presentations with Mind Maps - Focus If youre looking for a way to  create more  engaging and  effective classroom presentations and maybe save some time while doing so, this article is for you. In this quick guide well show you how to use  MindMeister  as a powerful  alternative to classic and often convoluted  options such as PowerPoint or Prezi. MindMeister uses the mind map principle to help students  comprehend and retain information better and offers numerous  practical  ways of utilizing and repurposing content both during and after the presentation. What Is a Mind Map Presentation? A mind map is a diagram that uses keywords, colors, images and other graphical elements to represent information. When you create a mind map, all of its  content is visualized on one single page. The maps subject is always located right at the center of this page. All related subtopics and keywords are arranged around the center in a radiant, two-dimensional structure and connected to it  via lines. A mind map presentation, then, is a dynamic slideshow that you create from such a mind map. Each slide shows a detail of the map, such as a branch or an individual topic. At the beginning, the end, and at key points during the presentation, you can zoom back out so the whole map can be displayed for the audience. How Does a  Mind Map Presentation Work? In a classic Power Point presentation, students are presented with a number of independent  slides, one after the other, with no way of seeing the big picture. There may be a table of contents shown on the first slide, but a list of unfamiliar keywords and headlines is all too quickly forgotten. In order to comprehend and retain individual pieces of information, students need to be able to place them in context and understand how they relate to one another. Its the difference between merely collecting dots, and connecting them. Seeing all topics of the presentation laid out in  the two-dimensional structure of a mind map  helps students do exactly that. How to Create a Mind Map Presentation The best part about mind map presentations is that they are incredibly easy and fast to create. Do you remember how much time you invested in making your last Prezi look good? Or how time-consuming it can be to make  your PowerPoint slides look a little less boring? On the other hand, you can create  a good-looking mind map presentation in less than three minutes. All it takes are 4 simple steps: 1. Map out the content of your presentation Start by creating a new, blank mind map in MindMeister. Write the subject of your presentation in the center of the map, then use the TAB and ENTER keys to create new topics. The TAB key creates sibling topics, the ENTER key creates child-topics. Tip:  Use keywords or short phrases for the topics in your map. You can add additional information in the form of notes, links, comments and even attached files without cluttering up your presentation. 2. Add visuals to your map Visuals function as memory  triggers, so make sure to add lots  of images, icons and colors to your map to make the presentation as memorable as possible. You can upload your own images using the sidebar on the right side of the map editor, or simply drag-and-drop images  onto a topic. You can also use different font sizes to highlight individual keywords. 3. Create the presentation slides Now its time to turn your mind map into a presentation. In the footer of the mind map  editor, click on the presentation symbol to open presentation mode. While pressing  the CMD key (or CTRL key if youre on Windows), click and drag  your cursor over topics in the map to create the slides. Start with the topic in the center, then create the other slides in chronological order. Tip:  Show the whole mind map  at the beginning,  somewhere in the middle, and once at the end of the presentation to ensure your audience knows how everything is connected and related to each other. 4. Present your slideshow When all your slides are created, click on the Start Slideshow button to play the presentation inside your browser. You can present to the classroom just like you normally would, by connecting a projector to your computer and projecting the slideshow onto a big screen. Alternatively, you can invite students to the map (making sure to give them read-only access) and broadcast the presentation to their screens (a great way to reach remote learners and support distance education!). Check out this real-time screen recording of us creating a  mind map presentation for a  book report: 5. Utilize and repurpose your presentation Gone are the days when students had to study from those tiny  hard copies of  teachers presentation slides  trying to fit up to 9  slides onto a single A4 sheet to save money on ink, and adding their own barely decipherable notes to the sheet. With MindMeister you can easily share your mind map presentation and enable students to repurpose it for their personal study needs, such as Real-time note taking Export your mind map presentation as a .mind file and either send it to students via email or make it accessible for download in your shared cloud space. Tell students to download and import the file into their own MindMeister account. During your presentation, students can take notes directly inside the mind map, adding details to the keywords as well as emphasizing what seems important to them. This way, they dont end up with two sources of information (namely your slides and their notes), and they  dont feel the need to copy the content  of your slides alongside their own notes just to make sense of them later on. Real-time collaboration If the goal of your presentation is to spark a discussion among students, share your mind map with the whole classroom, ensuring that all students have write-access to it. You can do this  either by creating a secure link and sending it to them, or by inviting them directly via email (take a look at our guide about inviting whole groups of students at once).  As soon as  everyone is logged in, all students can take notes, add ideas and vote others ideas up or down inside the map and all in real-time. Make your map accessible to a wider audience You can publish your mind map to make it accessible for all people on the world wide web. Public mind maps can be found through Google searches, are automatically added to MindMeisters public map library, and can also be embedded into websites, blog posts and Google Pages. Embedded maps are interactive and map presentations can be played just like an embedded Slideshare slideshow. Give it a try by clicking on the play button on the embedded mind map presentation below: Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Book Report on MindMeister. Are you ready to give mind map presentations a try? MindMeister offers great discounts for teachers and students. Sign up for one of our educational plans today or create up to three mind maps for free with our Basic plan. Effective Classroom Presentations with Mind Maps - Focus If youre looking for a way to  create more  engaging and  effective classroom presentations and maybe save some time while doing so, this article is for you. In this quick guide well show you how to use  MindMeister  as a powerful  alternative to classic and often convoluted  options such as PowerPoint or Prezi. MindMeister uses the mind map principle to help students  comprehend and retain information better and offers numerous  practical  ways of utilizing and repurposing content both during and after the presentation. What Is a Mind Map Presentation? A mind map is a diagram that uses keywords, colors, images and other graphical elements to represent information. When you create a mind map, all of its  content is visualized on one single page. The maps subject is always located right at the center of this page. All related subtopics and keywords are arranged around the center in a radiant, two-dimensional structure and connected to it  via lines. A mind map presentation, then, is a dynamic slideshow that you create from such a mind map. Each slide shows a detail of the map, such as a branch or an individual topic. At the beginning, the end, and at key points during the presentation, you can zoom back out so the whole map can be displayed for the audience. How Does a  Mind Map Presentation Work? In a classic Power Point presentation, students are presented with a number of independent  slides, one after the other, with no way of seeing the big picture. There may be a table of contents shown on the first slide, but a list of unfamiliar keywords and headlines is all too quickly forgotten. In order to comprehend and retain individual pieces of information, students need to be able to place them in context and understand how they relate to one another. Its the difference between merely collecting dots, and connecting them. Seeing all topics of the presentation laid out in  the two-dimensional structure of a mind map  helps students do exactly that. How to Create a Mind Map Presentation The best part about mind map presentations is that they are incredibly easy and fast to create. Do you remember how much time you invested in making your last Prezi look good? Or how time-consuming it can be to make  your PowerPoint slides look a little less boring? On the other hand, you can create  a good-looking mind map presentation in less than three minutes. All it takes are 4 simple steps: 1. Map out the content of your presentation Start by creating a new, blank mind map in MindMeister. Write the subject of your presentation in the center of the map, then use the TAB and ENTER keys to create new topics. The TAB key creates sibling topics, the ENTER key creates child-topics. Tip:  Use keywords or short phrases for the topics in your map. You can add additional information in the form of notes, links, comments and even attached files without cluttering up your presentation. 2. Add visuals to your map Visuals function as memory  triggers, so make sure to add lots  of images, icons and colors to your map to make the presentation as memorable as possible. You can upload your own images using the sidebar on the right side of the map editor, or simply drag-and-drop images  onto a topic. You can also use different font sizes to highlight individual keywords. 3. Create the presentation slides Now its time to turn your mind map into a presentation. In the footer of the mind map  editor, click on the presentation symbol to open presentation mode. While pressing  the CMD key (or CTRL key if youre on Windows), click and drag  your cursor over topics in the map to create the slides. Start with the topic in the center, then create the other slides in chronological order. Tip:  Show the whole mind map  at the beginning,  somewhere in the middle, and once at the end of the presentation to ensure your audience knows how everything is connected and related to each other. 4. Present your slideshow When all your slides are created, click on the Start Slideshow button to play the presentation inside your browser. You can present to the classroom just like you normally would, by connecting a projector to your computer and projecting the slideshow onto a big screen. Alternatively, you can invite students to the map (making sure to give them read-only access) and broadcast the presentation to their screens (a great way to reach remote learners and support distance education!). Check out this real-time screen recording of us creating a  mind map presentation for a  book report: 5. Utilize and repurpose your presentation Gone are the days when students had to study from those tiny  hard copies of  teachers presentation slides  trying to fit up to 9  slides onto a single A4 sheet to save money on ink, and adding their own barely decipherable notes to the sheet. With MindMeister you can easily share your mind map presentation and enable students to repurpose it for their personal study needs, such as Real-time note taking Export your mind map presentation as a .mind file and either send it to students via email or make it accessible for download in your shared cloud space. Tell students to download and import the file into their own MindMeister account. During your presentation, students can take notes directly inside the mind map, adding details to the keywords as well as emphasizing what seems important to them. This way, they dont end up with two sources of information (namely your slides and their notes), and they  dont feel the need to copy the content  of your slides alongside their own notes just to make sense of them later on. Real-time collaboration If the goal of your presentation is to spark a discussion among students, share your mind map with the whole classroom, ensuring that all students have write-access to it. You can do this  either by creating a secure link and sending it to them, or by inviting them directly via email (take a look at our guide about inviting whole groups of students at once).  As soon as  everyone is logged in, all students can take notes, add ideas and vote others ideas up or down inside the map and all in real-time. Make your map accessible to a wider audience You can publish your mind map to make it accessible for all people on the world wide web. Public mind maps can be found through Google searches, are automatically added to MindMeisters public map library, and can also be embedded into websites, blog posts and Google Pages. Embedded maps are interactive and map presentations can be played just like an embedded Slideshare slideshow. Give it a try by clicking on the play button on the embedded mind map presentation below: Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Book Report on MindMeister. Are you ready to give mind map presentations a try? MindMeister offers great discounts for teachers and students. Sign up for one of our educational plans today or create up to three mind maps for free with our Basic plan.

College Tuition The Debate Negotiation - 1950 Words

As college tuition continues to rise, the debate negotiation increases. Each year, students and parents dive into the college search process, comparing schools and costs, loans and scholarships, questioning, is a college degree worth the cost? Well, yes, it most definitely is. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, (in is college worth it? Americans see it as a good investment, Bankrate survey finds) â€Å"greater levels of education correspond to greater income† (Pound, A). Kinda like the more you spend, the more your gain. However, according to Daniel Lewis, â€Å"Student debt is a major factor in the devaluation of a college education. In Study conducted by economics at Georgetown University found out from 1973 to 20172015, the average†¦show more content†¦An academic year at a private university averaged $47,831† (Lewis, D). According to â€Å"The Complete College America Alliance of States, the number of students graduating with a bachelor’s degree in four years ranges between 19% and 36%, depending on the university† (Lewis, D). The average graduate spends an extra half to a full year to graduate (4.4 to 4.9 years), adding to the base costs of attendance. As a consequence, the typical cost of an undergraduate degree is well over $100,000, not including the lost income for the extra years spent in school, or interest incurred in paying back loans. However, Just graduating from college is not enough to ensure a good job or a bright future, a class standing matters. A 2014 report from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York indicated that â€Å"those graduating in the lower 25% of their college class learn about the same or less than the typical worker with a high school degree† (Abel and Deitz, E). As a consequence, the authors noted that the cost of earning a bachelor’s degree isn’t worth it for some people. Fortunately, there are alternatives. As of two years ago, which was 2016, college graduates earned an average of $1,341 more per week than those without a college degree. The Bureau of Labor Statistics also found that the unemployment rate of those with a bachelor’s degree is roughly half the rate of those without higher education experience. That rate drops to less than 2.5Show MoreRelatedPublic Private Partnerships And Higher Education1554 Words   |  7 Pagesdisplay of factors and output of Public-Private Partnership (Summit, 2016) If utilized properly, public-private partnerships can be leveraged to existing relationships, current housing tuition and future housing tuition acquire new buildings without having to utilize savings or obtain loans. Using current savings from tuition or donors could prevent that ability to make other equally essential purchases difficult. Acquiring a conventional loan may be difficult because it is determined by the universityRead MorePolitical Issues On Student Loans1962 Words   |  8 Pages Jieying Bai Professor Nguyen Political Science 1 October 25, 2014 Political issues on Student Loans As a student who has difficulties affording increasingly high tuition in college, financial aid and student loans is one of the biggest concerns for me. Even though with a low-interest rate of student loans, it is still hard to pay back the debt after graduation. As in recent years, the cost of universities in America hasRead MoreA Student Athlete s Scholarship1491 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom an in state and out state recruit. It was stated that â€Å"in-state recruit at the University of Michigan is looking at $12,634, while an out-of-state undergrad s tuition scholarship would be $37,782†. Many people don’t have the knowledge about what the money covers. 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College athletes are not beingRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States Essay2280 Words   |  10 Pageshe needed a larger more federal plan in place to help assist the freedmen. This is where he allowed leadership from Major General Oliver Howard to control the operations of the Freedmen’s Bureau. In addition, the negotiations over land distributed through the Bureau caused intense debates. The problem was that federal agencies were not sure if they wanted to settle the freedmen on ex confederate land. Ultimately, the Freedmen’s Bureau had dominance to take over all abandoned and confiscated land.Read MoreDescribe An Existing Organization And Its Objectives2159 Words   |  9 Pagesorganization and its objectives(s). Cuyahoga Community College (CCC) is located in Cleveland, Ohio and has 3 campuses located in Downtown Cleveland (Metropolitan), Highland Heights (Eastern), Parma (Western), and Westlake (Westshore). 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The researchRead MoreThe Work and Training of Barristers and Solicitors Essay example1757 Words   |  8 Pagesalways been a voluntary organisation and about 85% of practising solicitors are members. Under the Solicitors Act 1974 it makes training regulations relating to examinations and articles. It maintains the role of solicitors, has a teaching college and provides club facilities for its members. It is also responsible for the administration of the Legal Aid scheme in Civil proceedings. From 1980, to become a solicitor you needed to have, either a law degree, or a non-law degree;

The Rise Of The Medieval Period - 922 Words

The â€Å"Medieval period was the period of invasions, battles and wars, which gave rise to the feeling that population growth is necessary to survive and to defend. It was a common belief that who will carry the weapons, if men are lacking? Man was considered as the best wealth.† (Hussain pg. 100) From the 5th century to the 15th century, a part of the population had a reason to justify their population growth and that was to increase population size in order to win battles and wars. In the 21st century, a part of the population justifies population growth in order to maintain a standard way of living while others due so to stay alive. Malthus was not able to see this need behind the population growth, however, and that is why I believe that Harvey is able to understand where the people and their ideologies are coming from. Population growth is vital for the world to grow, no pun intended, but for it to become a better place for everybody and everything. The key to this is not to limit the growth with ‘preventive’ and ‘positive’ checks,† (Hussain pg.101) but to learn to maintain a steady balance with the human population and the environment. The key is to reach â€Å"a state of harmony between men and land,† (Leopold, pg. 243) to be able to conserve the land for today and for tomorrow. The way we handle our Earth depends on us, but the way the growth in population continues to grow will be with or without consent of Malthus, society, economy, or positive checks. The issue withShow MoreRelatedCharacteristic Features of the Middle Ages Essay750 Words   |  3 Pages Also called the middle ages, the medieval ages were influential in European history. It dates between the 5th and the 15th centuries of european history. The beginning of the period was marked by the col lapse of Rome while its end was marked by the end of Renaissance. 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It played an integral role in the shape of church music and helped move music into madrigals and into the public’s secular eye. More specifically its fruition can be categorized into the three eras of music: Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque. The motet developed from simple organumRead MoreSummary Of The Making Of Europe Conquest, Colonization And Cultural Change1045 Words   |  5 PagesBabel actually existed, it ought to have been in medieval Europe. Certainly the Biblical parable of linguistic unity and its following collap se parallels all too closely with the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, with a splintered Europe emerging from its shadow. And it is the events within this particular shadow that Robert Bartlett discusses in his book The Making Of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change 930-1350. Bartlett explores medieval Europe, discussing the particularly crucial years

Why Has the Power of the Federal Government Expanded Free Essays

Kenneth A. Cherisol AMH 2020 Prof. John Fitzgerald Nov 17, 2010 But WHY? Why has the power of the federal government expanded so significantly? Was this shift in power from state governments to the federal government necessary? Government power took a huge shifted from state government to federal government during and after the civil war. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Has the Power of the Federal Government Expanded or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although President Franklin D Roosevelt’s new deal is often considered the pivotal point that caused this shift, the major event attributing to this shift in power was the civil war. The first event that led to a growth in federal power was the ratification of the Constitution in 1789. Although the constitution is to protect the right of individuals and limit the power of government it led to more government power so that it can accomplish its goals. Eventually the Civil war established the federal government’s power over the states. After the civil war the Federal government had to enforce its power over the states to control issues such segregation, racism and regulating states powers over the rights of citizens. The government that was established to protect the rights of it citizens now had to look out for its economic welfare. Eventually this led the way for interest groups such as union veterans to tap into the federal treasury. The government now needed means to obtain funds for it limited treasury. Different commissions were developed to regulate aspects of the food industry, fuel, trade and eventually the entire economy. Some of these commissions include the FDA established in 1906, the Federal trade commission established in 1914 and the Federal Reserve establishes in 1913. Eventually in 1913 federal income tax was established providing a source of funds for the federal treasury. World War 1 led to future advancement of the Federal government’s power even further. The federal government now regulated waterway shipping, railways were nationalized, and the United States food administration now regulated all aspects of the food industry from agriculture, distribution and sales. During the 1920’s US agriculture suffered because the worldwide market for farm products was competitive. This led to the federal government passing tariffs of farm imports and in 1922 the Capper-Volstead act exempted agricultural cooperatives from antitrust laws. Another act, the Agricultural Credits act of 1923, made it easier for farmer to receive loans from the Federal Farm Board which was established by the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929. The federal Government also needed to regulate the power of businesses. The Federal Government began to limit the power of business by enforcing antitrust laws created by the Shermans act of 1890. Antitrust enforcement was another area in which Federal government increased in power. I believe the expansion of the Federal Government was necessary in every way to ensure the future of US. Before the civil war the states had most of the power dictating state laws and each was concerned with better its own states not looking at the nation as a whole. This led to issues such as the south having slaves and the north not allowing slavery. Eventually this led to the civil war. The federal government is necessary to regulate the powers of the states. Acts such as the civil rights act of 1964 led to equal treatment of individuals regardless of race or color. Even after the act the federal government had to enforce the laws on the south and rebuild the south’s state governments. The federal government’s power affects our daily lives from education to regulations on entertainment and safety. Due to recent economic issues states are allowing the federal government to dictate education policy in exchange for funding. Federal taxes affect our income and ensure funding for various government programs. Federal expansion is also necessary to maintain peace with other nations and ensure the safety of American lives through funding for our military and regulating foreign affairs. I believe the growth in Federal Government is necessary and without it the US would not be as influential and powerful as it is today. How to cite Why Has the Power of the Federal Government Expanded, Papers

Why Has the Power of the Federal Government Expanded Free Essays

Kenneth A. Cherisol AMH 2020 Prof. John Fitzgerald Nov 17, 2010 But WHY? Why has the power of the federal government expanded so significantly? Was this shift in power from state governments to the federal government necessary? Government power took a huge shifted from state government to federal government during and after the civil war. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Has the Power of the Federal Government Expanded or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although President Franklin D Roosevelt’s new deal is often considered the pivotal point that caused this shift, the major event attributing to this shift in power was the civil war. The first event that led to a growth in federal power was the ratification of the Constitution in 1789. Although the constitution is to protect the right of individuals and limit the power of government it led to more government power so that it can accomplish its goals. Eventually the Civil war established the federal government’s power over the states. After the civil war the Federal government had to enforce its power over the states to control issues such segregation, racism and regulating states powers over the rights of citizens. The government that was established to protect the rights of it citizens now had to look out for its economic welfare. Eventually this led the way for interest groups such as union veterans to tap into the federal treasury. The government now needed means to obtain funds for it limited treasury. Different commissions were developed to regulate aspects of the food industry, fuel, trade and eventually the entire economy. Some of these commissions include the FDA established in 1906, the Federal trade commission established in 1914 and the Federal Reserve establishes in 1913. Eventually in 1913 federal income tax was established providing a source of funds for the federal treasury. World War 1 led to future advancement of the Federal government’s power even further. The federal government now regulated waterway shipping, railways were nationalized, and the United States food administration now regulated all aspects of the food industry from agriculture, distribution and sales. During the 1920’s US agriculture suffered because the worldwide market for farm products was competitive. This led to the federal government passing tariffs of farm imports and in 1922 the Capper-Volstead act exempted agricultural cooperatives from antitrust laws. Another act, the Agricultural Credits act of 1923, made it easier for farmer to receive loans from the Federal Farm Board which was established by the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929. The federal Government also needed to regulate the power of businesses. The Federal Government began to limit the power of business by enforcing antitrust laws created by the Shermans act of 1890. Antitrust enforcement was another area in which Federal government increased in power. I believe the expansion of the Federal Government was necessary in every way to ensure the future of US. Before the civil war the states had most of the power dictating state laws and each was concerned with better its own states not looking at the nation as a whole. This led to issues such as the south having slaves and the north not allowing slavery. Eventually this led to the civil war. The federal government is necessary to regulate the powers of the states. Acts such as the civil rights act of 1964 led to equal treatment of individuals regardless of race or color. Even after the act the federal government had to enforce the laws on the south and rebuild the south’s state governments. The federal government’s power affects our daily lives from education to regulations on entertainment and safety. Due to recent economic issues states are allowing the federal government to dictate education policy in exchange for funding. Federal taxes affect our income and ensure funding for various government programs. Federal expansion is also necessary to maintain peace with other nations and ensure the safety of American lives through funding for our military and regulating foreign affairs. I believe the growth in Federal Government is necessary and without it the US would not be as influential and powerful as it is today. How to cite Why Has the Power of the Federal Government Expanded, Papers

Corporate Governance and Ethics Mining of Minerals

Question: Describe about the Corporate Governance and Ethics for Mining of Minerals. Answer: Background Of The Company BHP Billiton is an Australian company associated with mining of minerals, metals and petroleum. According to the market values of 2015, it is the worlds largest company related to mining and the fourth largest company in Australia with respect to revenue. Prior to this report, BHP Billiton was Australias largest company in terms of the revenue produced by it. The company was incorporated in the year 2001 as the result of a merger between Anglo-Dutch Billiton and Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited. The part of the company, which is registered in Australia, is primarily listed on Australian Securities Exchange. The global headquarters of BHP Billiton and its Australian registered office is situated in Melbourne, Australia. During the companys progress from the year 2001 the company has successfully placed bid and acquired control over many of its rival companies such as petro hawk energy, WMC Resources and Rio Tinto Group (Acharya et al. 2013). BHP Billiton operates in over 25 countries around the world in the market of mining, gas production, processing and even production of oil. The company has over 41,000 employees on its list as on March 2016. The company had recorded 250 million barrels of oil, 230 metric tones of ironore, 1.7 Million tons of copper and 40 metric tons of coal (Market Realist 2016). BHP Billiton has a social policy of donating 1% of its three years average profit in programs based on community development. The company has also made US$ 100 million donation to charitable entities. It is one of the 90 companies, which has been authorized to extract and market fossil fuel in the world (BHP Billiton, 2016). Criteria For The Review For the purpose of the review of lackluster performance of BHP Billiton Limited in the recent times, corporate governance principles and recommendations provided by the ASX Corporate Governance Council are used. These guiding principles give eight guidelines for better governance of an organization (Council and Exchange 2014). The first guideline is associated with laying a solid foundation for management and keeping surveillance over its activities. It is the duty of the organization to disclose the duties and role of members of the management committee (Hermalin and Weisbach 2012). The second guideline provides us that the board of the company must be effective and its composition with respect to size and responsibility of properly performing its duties must be adequate. According to the third guideline, the decision-making done by the company should be ethical and rational. The fourth guideline for better corporate governance provides that, the reporting of the companys financial affair must be done by the company with care and the company should have a structure within it to authenticate and protect the integrity of such reports. The fifth guiding principle provides that it is the moral obligation of the company to reveal in a balanced and timely manner, material matters related to the company. Accordi ng to the sixth guideline, it is the moral obligation of the company to protect the interest of the shareholders and provide support for the proper execution of their rights. The seventh guideline of the code provides that the company should create a potent system to detect and deter risks, management issues and for the purpose of internal control. The final guideline of the code provides that it is the legal and ethical duty of the company to pay proper and just remuneration to the employees with respect to the effort given by them towards the company (Council, 2014). The guiding principles provide by The Global Network of Director Institute towards good governance can also be considered for the purpose of reviewing the performance of BHP Billiton limited . These guidelines provide about good governance with respect to organizational culture, responsibilities, independence of directors, disclosure of practices, nomination criteria, leadership, and risk, relationship with management, communication, evolution and remuneration. Both these codes provided by The Global Network of Director Institute and ASX Corporate Governance Council are basic to the success and growth of any organizations. The poor governance of BHP Billiton Limited, which is having a major effect on its growth, can be reviewed and analyzed through comparison with these principles and guidelines. The comparison and application of these principles to that of the poor governance of BHP Billiton Limited will give a better picture of what is going wrong in the company and how it can be amended (ArAs 2016). Critical Review Of The Organization Recently BHP Billiton Limited has been in news due to the low number of production with respect to iron ore. The production of iron ore by the company has reportedly fallen 6% year over year. The production of copper by the company also fell 6% along with petroleum product, which recorded a 15% year over year decline in production (Bocken et al. 2013). According to the production report published by BHP Billiton, limited the CEO of the company Andrew Mackenzie said that the decline in production is was due to unbalancing of the market and the production will improve over the next year and a half. He added that the price of copper and iron have been more fixed than they had assumed and they will continue to meet the demand of the products through their production. According to the chief executive officers and the companys official website, everything is going smoothly for the company. In reality, the future for the company is bleak and low production and lower profits are reflecting it. BHP Billiton Limited has suffered a loss of $6.30 billion until June in the financial year 2016 as compared to the profit of 1.81 billion the company had made a year ago. The environment in the immediate future is expected to stay difficult for the company in the coming years. The growth of the company is assumed to remain low for the rest of the year also. The decision of writing down the companies expensive assets in the previous year also hammed the progress of the company. BHP Billiton had also warned the shareholders that the divided policy adopted by the company is bound to change as a result of the poor condition of the companys progress. As compared to the 124 cents divided per share given by the company in the previous year the company has this time announced only 30 cent per share dividends for the shareholders. The total debt upon the company has also increased 7% as compared to the previous year and has risen up to $26.1 billion (Drexler,Black and Sparks 2015). These disappointing results by the company suggest that there are many internal issues within the company, which are hammering its growth (Wintoki, Linck and Netter 2012). The directors of the company are not acting responsibly towards the management of the long-term success of the company and are being incapable of addressing the needs for the companys proper growth. The constitution of BHP Billiton Limited provides for the independence of directors while taking decisions. However, the decisions taken by the directors of BHP Billiton Limited is not looking convincing and its seems like they are collectively taking wrong decisions which are affecting the growth and progress of the company. According to the principles and guidelines discussed above, the development of the company can only be achieved if the directors of the company take independent correct decisions without influence for any other source (Joseph, Ocasio and McDonnell 2014). The prima faice view of the documents provided by the company through its official website suggests that the company has all areas related to policymaking and strength of the management team covered. However, an in dept analysis of the composition of the management committee of BHP Billiton Limited gives the view that the management of the company is not skilled and capable enough to support the growth of the company in conditions which are not in favor . The corporate governance guidelines provide that the company should have an effective management team and the composition of the board should be adequate to handle the affairs of the company easily and effectively (Nini, Smith and Sufi 2012). The nomination procedure for the board of directors of a company has to clear and transparent to eliminate the existence of any unethical act with respect to nominations. On paper the nomination and appointment of director policies of BHP Billiton Limited is clear and transparent. However, in practice, such norms are rarely followed by the company and the result of such unethical acts are reflecting on the progress and growth of the company. These norms not only help to support the growth of business but also maintain a sense of transparency in the company, which makes the shareholders, and investors feel secure (McCahery, Sautner and Starks 2016). The decisions taken by the directors of the company should be based on accurate information and market conditions; they should have access to appropriate and authentic information about the market and should be skilled enough to understand its conditions. The decisions taken by the directors of BHP Billiton limited is not proving to be adequate and justified enough to improve the present situation in the company. The mining market is hitting a new low point every week and the directors of BHP Billiton Limited are not being able to cope of with the problem condition of the market. This inability to fix the problem is by the directors is eventually reflecting on the poor performance of the company (Tricker 2015). The board should be aware of when to take risk and when to play safe. The given market condition of the mining and petroleum market does not allow for risk, the market is so uncertain that an unplanned risk will most probably result in a loss. The directors of the company should not take risk due to personal ego and competition, such risk is proving to be very harmful for the progress of BHP Billiton Limited and ultimately is making the company and its shareholders bear losses (Khan, Muttakin and Siddiqui 2013). The company was also recently in the news for internal review form the commission on the internal policies of the company though the report provided by commissioner Cole was consistent with the companys internal review , there are many ethical problems going on inside the company which needs to be immediately addressed for the progress of BHP Billiton Limited. It is the responsibility of the board of directors to communicate to the stakeholders and shareholders of the company about the current situation of the company. This information provided by the directors should be correct and authentic (Larcker and Tayan 2015). If the shareholder gets other information from different sources, they will eventually lose their faith in the management of the company. This will also discourage the investors to put their money and trust in the company, which will eventually, hamper the companys progress. The directors of BHP Billiton are not giving proper information to the shareholders and other stakeholders of the company and this is causing a sense of insecurity and is belief between them. This is not only wrong ethically but also will be harmful for the companys progress in the long run (Jo and Harjoto 2012). The board of directors of BHP Billiton Limited should also take the imitative to assess the actions taken by them towards the company, and adequately address any issue which they fine inappropriate. This review of action is not seemed to be happening in BHP Billiton Limited. The directors of the company are making one mistake over another and there is no initiative on their part amends such mistakes made by them. This is ultimately taking the company to a situation where it will suffer more loss instead of recovering (Bovens et al. 2014). The remuneration received by the chief executive officer of the company and other managers who are at an influential position should be clear and transparent to the shareholders. This remuneration should be fair, reasonable and not only motivates the directors and other officers but also work in towards the betterment of the company. The non-executive directors of BHP Billiton also receiving performance based gains; this is not only unethical but also hampering the growth of the company. The financial incentives received by the non-executive directors of BHP Billiton Limited should different to that of the executive officers; they should be more focused on the long-term success of the company (Claessens and Yurtoglu 2014). It is the duty of the board of directors of BHP Billiton Limited to disclose all relevant documents with respect to the companys progress to the shareholders within an appropriate time through the companys website. This keeps the shareholders and the employees motivated which plays an important role in their support toward the company (Brammer, Jackson and Matten 2012). Recommendations BHP Billiton should frame fixed functions for the board and disclose such functions to the shareholder and other employees, for their better performance and accountability. BHP Billiton should disclose the process, which they use to evaluate the performance of the board of directors. This will help the company keep a check on the performance of the board of directors and the shareholder will feel secure about the policies of the company. The majority of the board of directors in BHP Billiton limited should be independent directors. Most importantly, the chairperson of the company should be an independent director. The same individual as at times in case of BHP Billiton Limited should not address the functions and roles of the CEO and the chairperson. It board of directors of BHP Billiton Limited should establish a Nomination Committee which will help in independent and fair nominations. BHP Billiton Limited should establish a code of conduct and take necessary steps to disclose such code of conduct with respect to maintaining the integrity of the company, legal and reasonable expectation of the shareholders and investigation of reports related to ethical issues. The board of BHP Billiton Limited should establish a committee for the companies audit; such committee should be comprised of only non-executive members and the majority of independent directors. The chairperson of the committee should not be the chairperson of the company and such committee must have at least three members. The disclosers made by the BHP Billiton Limited towards its reports must be timely and balanced and must comply with the rules set up by the ASX commission. The board of BHP Billiton limited should establish a remuneration committee and such committee should also like the audit committee be comprised of a chairperson who is not the chairperson of the company and must have at least three members in it. Conclusion Thus, if such recommendations are applied to the governance of BHP Billiton Limited then the company can expect a change towards their growth. The market conditions of the mining and petroleum market are not very progressive in the recent time and combined with the bad governance policies of BHP Billiton Limited the company is suffering from excessive loss during the recent time. Inappropriate decision of the board of directors and lack of their accountability is causing such problems in the company, which needs to be addressed immediately. The shareholder and other stakeholder are losing their faith in the management of the company and this can prove to be disastrous for the growth of BHP Billiton Limited in the long run. The company should at present focus on improving their internal conditions, which will eventually reflect of the progress of the company. References: Acharya, V.V., Gottschalg, O.F., Hahn, M. and Kehoe, C., 2013. Corporate governance and value creation: Evidence from private equity.Review of Financial Studies,26(2), pp.368-402. ArAs, G., 2016.A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Bain, N. and Band, D., 2016.Winning ways through corporate governance. Springer. BHP Billiton | BHP Billiton Releases Findings Of Its Internal Review Into Matters Raised In The Cole Commission. Bhpbilliton.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 23 Nov. 2016. Bocken, N., Short, S., Rana, P. and Evans, S., 2013. A value mapping tool for sustainable business modelling.Corporate Governance,13(5), pp.482-497. Bovens, M., Goodin, R.E. and Schillemans, T. eds., 2014.The Oxford handbook of public accountability. OUP Oxford. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-Economic Review,10(1), pp.3-28. Claessens, S. and Yurtoglu, B.B., 2013. Corporate governance in emerging markets: A survey.Emerging markets review,15, pp.1-33. Council, A.C.G. and Exchange, A.S., 2014. Corporate governance principles and recommendations . ASX Corporate Governance Council. Council, A.C.G., 2014. Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations, 3rd edn (ASX, Sydney). Drexler, D.A., Black Jr, L.S. and Sparks III, A.G., 2015.Dividends(Vol. 1). Delaware Corporation Law and Practice. Hermalin, B.E. and Weisbach, M.S., 2012. Information disclosure and corporate governance.The Journal of Finance,67(1), pp.195-233. Highlights Of BHP Billiton's Annual General Meeting - Market Realist. Marketrealist.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 23 Nov. 2016. Jo, H. and Harjoto, M.A., 2012. The causal effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,106(1), pp.53-72. Joseph, J., Ocasio, W. and McDonnell, M.H., 2014. The structural elaboration of board independence: Executive power, institutional logics, and the adoption of CEO-only board structures in US corporate governance.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), pp.1834-1858. Khan, A., Muttakin, M.B. and Siddiqui, J., 2013. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures: Evidence from an emerging economy.Journal of business ethics,114(2), pp.207-223. Larcker, D. and Tayan, B., 2015.Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences. Pearson Education. McCahery, J.A., Sautner, Z. and Starks, L.T., 2016. Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institutional investors.The Journal of Finance. Nini, G., Smith, D.C. and Sufi, A., 2012. Creditor control rights, corporate governance, and firm value.Review of Financial Studies,25(6), pp.1713-1761. Tricker, B., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Wintoki, M.B., Linck, J.S. and Netter, J.M., 2012. Endogeneity and the dynamics of internal corporate governance.Journal of Financial Economics,105(3), pp.581-606.

Bingo Long Traveling Essays - Bingo, , Term Papers

Bingo Long Traveling Ask someone either at home or at work, "How are you doing today?" Several replies will be forthcoming. Some respond "Ok", "Fine" or "Surviving". As long as Sallie Potter's Louisville Ebony Aces were playing ball in the Negro League circuit, times and surviving were good. A steady salary, Potter's bus, driven by Potter, with reclining seats, which carried the team from one scheduled game to another, black hotels, black restaurants and night clubs made for an indulgent and uncomplicated life on the road. When Potter released veteran player Raymond Mikes, because he broke his foot rounding third base, playing the Philadelphia American Stars, Bingo organized the players and revolted against owner black owner Potter. After all, Bingo thought he knew all the ins and outs of the game, having watched Potter and fellow hustler Lionel Foster all these years. How hard could it be owning and managing a ball club? With Lionel backing Bingo with a little capital until things got going, a barnstorming baseball outfit was born. Bingo first recruited fellow teammate Leon Carter, the best pitcher alive, and then one by one talked Potter's Aces into becoming Bingo's All-Stars. Even Raymond Mikes had agreed to come along as bookkeeper. With third baseman Louis's Lincoln convertible and Bingo's Auburn, the team was set and left for Pittsburgh to play the Elite Giants. Lionel had helped Bingo set up games in Cleveland, Toledo and Chicago, after that, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then Iowa. Life was good and surviving was no problem. Bingo knew hustling baseball games in small rural towns was a lot different than playing the usual scheduled games in the Negro League and tried to acquaint his teammates, who had not traveled west of Chicago, with this fact. "We got to be polite and cheerful all the time even when we ain't feeling it" (Brashler 50). Life in segregated America was not easy for Negroes. White restaurants and hotels did not permit them inside. It was necessary to find black establishments, who would serve Negroes. If no place was found to put them up for the night, they slept in cars or outside on the ground in bedrolls. Even if they had money and were able to pay, prejudice and bigotry took charge and made life for the Negro, as a second class citizen. Bingo was aware of this, but he was going to find out first hand how it really was. Life would become survival. Once the All-Stars left the Eastern cities and established Negro League baseball schedules, they would have to hustle their own games. Because theses games were in smaller populated areas, the All-Stars would have to play more games just to break even. Lionel had advised them to play as many games as possible. Road travel was difficult and slow, streets and highways were not paved. Cars lumbered over the roads at a snail's crawl. Dust not only covers the passengers, but also plugged up the car's engines. At times, after the last game, the players filed back into the cars, got as comfortable as possible and were driven by Bingo and Louis, or back up drivers, on to the next town, the next game. Showmanship was necessary. Upon entering small towns, it was necessary to drive down the business district, the driver would honk the horn as the players stood up in the car and waved to the people. Then they would change into their uniforms, re-enter the town, driving down the main streets, honking the horn, players would walk behind the car and wave and bow to the people, all in an effort to gain interest and enthusiasm in the upcoming ball game. At the beginning of the games, were hot ball routines, infield pantomimes and pitching shows. Then there was the baseball fields, in some cases just pastures with a couple of wooden benches and a broken down backstop. If an admissions stand could not be built, then the All- Stars would pass the hat in small rural areas. After all, expenses have to be met. The strain of the road eroded players mentally and emotionally. Day in and day out it was the same routine over and over again. The ever present discrimination and class distension appeared in many different themes. Louis was razored for propositioning a white call girl, a white car mechanic took advantage of Bingo's ignorance concerning needing new spark plugs for Bingo's Auburn, Bingo's car was destroyed when a white woman's truck hit it, there were small white town hecklers at the ball

Still Art Essays - French Art, Modern Art, Fauvism, Virtual Reality

Still Art Essays - French Art, Modern Art, Fauvism, Virtual Reality Generally, still life is the drawing and painting of things, for example, natural product, blossoms and family unit objects, which are normally masterminded on a table top. Throughout the hundreds of years craftsmen have picked the subject of still life for an assortment of reasons: to mirror the status of their proprietor, be it modest or haughty; for their typical importance which uncovers a shrouded story or thought; to catch the normal excellence of transient item such as a blossom or organic product; to show the craftsman's talented painting procedure; or as a controlled structure to express the dynamic characteristics of the visual components. The Ancient Egyptians Individuals have been painting accumulations of items for a huge number of years. The Ancient Egyptians painted piles of offerings for the gods, in sanctuaries or tombs. The Egyptians were not inspired by point of view, or in shading. They couldn't have cared less about making things look sensible. They simply needed to unmistakably indicate what each of these articles was. 151447538100 The Greeks and Romans Greek and Roman artists once in a while painted objects as well. These were more sensible than the Egyptians' endeavors. There are lots of mosaics of objects you can see on the floors of manors or in exhibition halls, and wall paintings as well. There is a great deal more exertion in exact shading and shading here than the Egyptians oversaw. 186690076200 16th and 17th Century Genuine still life painting just took off in the 1500s in Northern Europe. Amid the medieval times, workmanship should serve Christianity, representing scenes from the Bible. Exceptionally gifted painters in the 1400s and 1500s, for example, Jan Van Eyck included game arrangements of objects as a major aspect of their Christian scenes. Henri Matisse was one of the considerable bosses of still life in twentieth century workmanship. Craftsmen are typically seen as individuals of their own time who mirror the world they live in. He survived a period of uncommon innovative development that completely reshaped the world in the twentieth century. Matisse likewise saw some of humankind's darkest minutes: two world wars, the holocaust and the dropping of the nuclear bomb to give some examples. Yet in spite of his presentation to this period of instability and change, there is no place in his work that would you be able to discover any insight of challenge, or an ideological position, or even any reference to the earth shattering occasions of his time. His craft is unaware of the issues of the world and he withdraws behind the dividers of his masterful vision to a protected sanctuary where just a feeling of solace and bliss exist. Matisse said that he needed his craft to have the same impact as an agreeable easy chair on a drained specialist and a significant number of the artistic creations he cleared out us appear to be the perspective from that rocker. 13049251905 Matisse was one of the originators of Fauvism and a pioneer of 'Les Fauves', a gathering of craftsmen who appreciated painting pictures with incredibly strong hues. The title 'Les Fauves' which signified 'wild beasts' in French was instituted by the workmanship faultfinder Louis Vauxcelles who was interested by the misrepresented shading in their craft. In any case, the aesthetic foundation of the day was irritated by their artistic creations as they regarded control and limitation in the utilization of shading. 'Les Fauves' trusted that shading had an otherworldly quality which connected straightforwardly to your feelings and they wanted to utilize it at its most noteworthy conceivable pitch. The capacity of shading in their works of art was not to depict their topic, but rather to express the craftsman's emotions about it. Their thoughts freed the utilization of shading for future eras of specialists who at last investigated shading as a dynamic subject in its own privilege. Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin was one of most prominent bosses of Still Life ever. The artistic creation style of the foundation in his day was Rococo: a grandiose style packed with metaphorical pictures from established mythology whirling with lavish improvement. To Chardin this dramatic methodology diminished craftsmanship to some sort of scholarly discussion piece. It was thoroughly outsider to the world that he built - a basic universe

Intercultural communication class- Project Report Coursework

Intercultural communication class- Project Report - Coursework Example I met four African Americans and two Americans of British origin. The experience was strange yet engaging. The experience in deed challenged my comfort zone. I am an introverted individual who finds it difficult to interact freely with people. The situation becomes worse when I have to interact with strangers. The walk was as tiring just as it was adventurous. I tried as much as I could to play with the children occasionally and engaged the few adults I met in casual conversations. At one instance, a group of unruly male African American youths stopped and roughed me up thereby making me regret the idea. I presented myself the best way I could thereby enticing them into walking me around their neighborhood. With them as my tour guide, the remaining part of the evening became lively and gratifying. I became their friend and they promised to visit me some time later. Among the intercultural communication challenges, I faced included facing the societal stereotypes. I could not speak the English language as fluently as most of the people could. This made me vulnerable to their ridicule as they readily identified my background. Additionally, I could not identify some of the features of the new environment. The unique popular culture for example was difficult to comprehend. The marauding youths were loud, rough and appeared disorderly. They approached my in a condescending tone and often blurted abusive words which I later realized did not mean any harm. The walk was equally long and laborious. It therefore challenged my comfort zone given the fact that I do not like walking. Despite the numerous challenges I faced on the day, I learnt fundamental lessons including interpersonal skills that will help me overcome some of the challenges presented by intercultural communication. I played with the children, talked to a four adults and interacted peacefully with the unruly African American youths. I faced the youths courageously a moved that proved the fact

Forgiveness concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Forgiveness concept - Essay Example According to them God brought every being to life by breathing into them like people do when administering CPR when trying to resuscitate someone. Religion supports their argument by quoting the Holy books such as the quaran and the bible. Religion is seen to expound on the concept of forgiveness by quoting the Holy books such as the quaran and the bible. Looking at the bible as a reference point, the first book of Genesis outlines how God created Adam and Eve and gave them a place to inhabit and also gave them the responsibility to take care of his creation. All God wanted was to have a good relationship with man. However God gave Adam and Eve a condition which was that they were not to eat a fruit from one specific tree. Despite this Adam and Eve betrayed God and went ahead and ate the fruit. This angered God and he burnished them from the garden of the Eden. However grave their sin was God forgave then and continued to bless them and watch over them. All religions have an aspect o f forgiveness in them. Aside from religion, human beings from time immemorial have been seen to also apply this concept of forgiveness whereby in the early ages indigenous communities after wars or misunderstandings decided to forgive each other and resolve conflict by forgiving each other and living an harmony. These communities just saw no need to have grudges against each other. I believe therefore that this concept is bore within us whereby these communities had no religion or reference point but they saw the need to forgive each other. Forgiveness goes hand in hand with peace and therefore these communities lived in peace with each other. Looking at the concept of forgiveness it is letting go of the bad things or harm another individual has committed against them. According to the Christians forgiveness is not directly proportional to the amount of harm one has caused against you. In that Christians

Therapeutic Proteins †Hirudin

Therapeutic Proteins – Hirudin Isaac Johnson Hirudin is a polypeptide that has anticoagulant properties (Rosenthal, 2008). Hirudin is important because it is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Since the presence of thrombin, a serine protease, is indicative of a blood clot having a polypeptide that specifically inhibits thrombin generation is important in a number of ways (Contributors, Thrombin, 2013). Hirudin is used to prevent the formation of blood clots in arteries, veins, and chambers within the heart (Rosenthal, 2008). Hirudins produced by recombinant biotechnology are more effective than other serine proteases produced by the body because they break up several different types of thrombin and they don’t bind to plasma proteins, which means there is a known dose-response relationship (Andreas Greinacher, 2008). The clinical use of r-hirudin provided an alternative choice to those people who experienced complications when given heparin; in addition â€Å"r-hirudin is important because it binds directly to thrombin, there by forming a complex with thrombin not only at its fibrinogen-binding site but also at its catalytic region†(Eichinger, 1995, p. 886), which completely stops the generation of thrombin unlike heparin which stops the production of thrombin by â€Å"catalyzing the inactivation of thrombin using anti-thrombin III†(Eichinerger, 1995, p. 886). Hirudin was discovered by John Haycraft in 1884 during his research on the coagulation of blood. In the 1900s it was extracted from leeches but today it is produced through recombinant biotechnology (Contributors, Hirudin, 2014). â€Å"The first recombinant hirudin produced and approved for clinical use, called lepirudin, was approved by the FDA in 1998 for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia complicated by thrombosis† (Greinacher, 2008, p. 819). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a disorder which causes clotting to occur instead of excessive bleeding and is countered by administering another anticoagulant to inhibit thrombocytosis (Contributors, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 2013). Hirudin is a polypeptide produced by the parapharyngeal glands of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Hirudins produced through recombinant biotechnology are generally produced using Pichia pastorus although Escherichia coli can be used as well albeit with the risk of degradation (Wuguang Lu, 2012). The process of producing recombinant hirudin (rHIR) is a multi-stage process, the main stages are: Construction of HIR/pPic9k, Transformation of P. pastorus strain, Shake flask evaluation of transformants, Clone fermentation, rHIR purification (Stuart A. Rosenfeld, 1996). The first stage, the construction of HIR/pPic9k, had several steps: use of pLMFÃŽ ±1 as a template for the PCR amplication of the hirudin gene, the use of primers to clone the gene, and the use of restrictive endonucleases to cut out part of the vector so that the hirudin gene could be inserted into pPic9K vector. Because the hirudin gene was inserted into the expression vector it allowed for greater control of the cloning process and allowed for optimization of the process. In the second stage, the transformation of P. pastorus strain, the expression vector was digested with Sa1I, a restrictive endonuclease, and the DNA was integrated into the host genome through homologous recombination via electroporation. Because the Hir/PPic9K was digested with Sa1I a large amount of His+ transformants were obtained after electroporation. These transformants were replica-plated, in order to obtain resistance to the antibiotic G418, whereupon the transformants could then undergo multiple chromoso mal integrations of the HIR gene. In the third stage, the shake flask evaluation of transformants, the transformants were screened to determine if they were capable of expressing and secreting recombinant hirudin. All of the transformants from the experiment did secrete recombinant hirudin albeit at different rates over the course of the 7 day evaluation. In the fourth stage, clone fermentation, the cultures were fermented in order to increase production of recombinant hirudin. Fermentation conditions increased r-hir production based on dissolved oxygen content, nutrient balance and high cell densities which made the environment optimal for recombinant hirudin production. The fermentation process was a batch process and used glycerol as the sole carbon source followed later by feeding the cultures methanol to fully induce rHIR expression. The methanol feed rate was varied so that a low concentration could be maintained in the fermentor thus keeping toxicity levels low. A low pH leve l is required for the fermentation process; a pH of 5 is too high and causes the proteins to break down while a pH of 3 is optimal for rHIR production. The final stage, the purification of rHIR, used a two-step purification protocol where first Q-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography was used followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recombinant hirudin had a purity percentage of more than 97% and a recovery yield of 63% (Stuart A. Rosenfeld, 1996). The impact of therapeutic proteins on society has been overwhelmingly positive. Recombinant proteins have many uses in society and have been incorporated into many different facets of everyday life. They are used in many different types of therapy from growth hormone treatment in adults to the use of recombinant interferon used to treat Hepatitis C. Recombinant proteins don’t just impact the medical field though they also play an important role in cosmetics and as dietary supplements. Furthermore when recombinant proteins are compared to blood plasma-derived products they are clearly shown to be safer. Since recombinant proteins were first introduced in the early 1990s there have been few adverse effects caused by them and zero fatalities whereas blood plasma-derived products carry the risk of transmission of emerging diseases that could turn into epidemics like the swine flu or bird flu (Liras, 2008). In conclusion hirudin is a polypeptide that is a direct inhibitor of thrombin and thus is an excellent anticoagulant. Several different types of recombinant proteins derived from hirudin have been approved for clinical use since the late 1990’s. These alternatives, like lepirudin, fill a necessary niche in the medical world that other coagulants cannot fill due to either patient complications with those drugs or hirudin derived drugs simply being more effective. The role that therapeutic proteins play in medical treatments and therapy will increase in society at they become more cost effective and production methods become more efficient. References Andreas Greinacher, T. E. (2008). The direct thrombin inhibitor hirudin . Thromb Haemost, 819-829. Contributors, W. (2013, November 2). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Retrieved January 11, 2014, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-induced_thrombocytopenia Contributors, W. (2013, December 23). Thrombin. Retrieved January 11, 2014, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin Contributors, W. (2014, January 4). Hirudin. Retrieved January 11, 2014, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudin Liras, A. (2008). Recombinant proteins in therapeutics: haemophilia treatment as an example. International Archives of Medicine, 1-4. Rosenthal, S. O. (2008). Encylopedia of Molecular Pharmacology. New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Sabine Eichinger, M. W.-L.-G. (1995). Effects of Recombinant Hirudin (r-Hirudin, HBW 023) on Coagulation and Platelet Activation In Vivo. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 886-892. Stuart A. Rosenfeld, D. N. (1996). Production and Purification of Recombinant Hirudin. PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION Article No. 0127, 476-482. Wuguang Lu, X. C. (2012). Production and Characterization of Hirudin Variant-1 by SUMO. Springer Science+Business Media, 41-48.

biology presentation for the skeleton :: essays research papers

Intro – slide 1 – acetate 1 The skeleton of a human foetus is formed from tough but flexible cartilage that acts as a blueprint for bone construction. During ossification ( the changing of cartilage to bone) which begins before birth, the cartilage is broken down and the resulting space is filled by bone building mineral salts and protein fibres secreted by bone cells. Humans have a bony endoskeleton made up of 206 bones, although we are born with up to 300, but many of these fuse during childhood. slide 2 The skeleton is divided into two parts ; the axial and the appendiculur. Axial skeleton The axial skeleton consists of the skull, backbone and rib cage which forms the upright axis of the body. It helps to protect the brain, spinal cord and organs in the chest. Appendicular skeleton The appendicular skeleton consists of the upper and lower limbs and the pectoral (shoulder) and pelvis and girdles. The human pelvis is adapted for an upright stance. the lower limbs support the upper body and enable walking and other locomotory movements to take place, where as the upper limbs are used for manipulation. Slide three Just read off screen Slide four – acetate 2 Muscles are used to move your bones. Most muscles are joined at both ends to bones. They are joined to bones by non elastic tendons. Bones are held in place by strong fibres called ligaments. Slide five – acetate 3 Joints are formed when two or more bones come together. Most joints allow bones to move. The amount of movement depends on the type of joint. The elbow joint is a hinge joint. Joints that allow movement are called synovial joints. A synovial joint s adapted to enable a joint to move easily. They contain cartilage, ligaments, bones, synovial fluid and a synovial membrane. Slide six The bones provide the solid base on which the tendons and ligaments are fixed. They are very resistant to being compressed, bent and stretched. The cartilage is the smooth layer which covers the ends of the bones and which stops the bones rubbing together. It has high tensile strength, but it is not rigid. Can compressed and is able to act as a shock absorber. The ligaments are strong fibres that hold bones firmly together. they form a protective cover around the joint. Are very strong and sufficiently elastic to allow movement when the bones in the joint move, so reducing the chance of dislocating a joint.

Aol Time Warner- What Went Wrong

In January 2000, AOL announced that it would be acquiring Time Warner through a complete stock deal to create the largest media company in the world. Not only was the merger the biggest ever in the media industry, it was also one of the biggest in the history of the corporate world. As per the merger agreement, AOL and Time Warner stock was converted to AOL Time Warner stock. AOL shareholders received one share of AOL Time Warner for each AOL share owned and Time Warner shareholders received 1. shares of AOL Time Warner for each Time Warner share they owned. While AOL shareholders owned 55% of the new company, the remaining was held by Time Warner. The merger was soon being talked of as the beginning of a new trend: the coming together of traditional and new media companies. According to a report, AOL was ‘a turbo-charged engine' that would bring old media giant, Time Warner, into the Internet century. The merger was expected to result in a 30% increase in profits, amounting to over US $ 40 billion in revenues in the first year itself. The new company had 100 million paid subscribers, which included the customers of AOL's dial-up service and subscribers of Time Warner's cable and magazine divisions. A major setback to the success of the merger was the bursting of the Internet bubble, which was expected to rule the media and entertainment industry in the 21st century. When the Internet bubble burst, there was a steep decline in subscriber growth for AOL, which led to a steep decline in its advertising revenues. Time Warner merged with America Online in 2001 at the height of the dot-com boom, with AOL using its inflated stock as a currency for the transaction. But the marriage of old and new media behemoths baptised quickly went sour as the benefits promised to shareholders failed to materialise. AOL was valued at more than $US150 billion when the ill-fated merger was announced, but its worth collapsed dramatically as the dot-com bubble burst. Time Warner was forced in 2002 to massively write down the value of the Internet unit and the AOL name was removed from the group's corporate title in 2003. As a consequence of this not only lost AOL subscribers to their Internet service but also their portal lost importance leading to a loss in opportunity to promote AOL Time Warner content. As a further consequence income from advertising is decreasing. 3. 0 BCG Matrix of AOL-TIME WARNER 4. 0 ALTERNATIVES REVIEW AND TURNAROUND STRATEGIES After the merger, AOL Time Warner was indeed the unquestioned number one worldwide media company, especially with the phenomenal box-office successes of Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings. Some of the anticipated synergies have actually come about and the company has successfully met a number of its goals, according to industry observers. On the Internet side, AOL must prove it can maintain its paramount position by signing deals across the entire cable industry while it opens its Time Warner cable pipes to competitors. If it can’t, AOL’s position as the undisputed leader in the consumer Internet business could begin to slip. According to published reports, AOL has more than 33 million subscribers worldwide, 25 million in the U. S. and analysts expect AOL to sign 6. 2 million new members for the year. AOL’s Pittman believes that eventually between 90 million and 95 million U. S. homes will be connected to the Internet. In 2001, AOL Internet subscribers spent $33 billion online, 67% more than they spent the year before. America Online has thrived by making it cheap and easy for millions of people to get onto the Internet using a standard open-access phone line and modem. With all of the hype about broadband, nearly all of AOL’s current subscribers still use dial-up â€Å"narrowband† connections, which are far too slow to accommodate the growing demand for rich media that consumers increasingly want from the web. 4. 1 AOL-TIME WARNER TURNAROUND STRATEGY The problem faced by Time Warner after its merger with AOL is an issue which merits discussion. The AOL-Time Warner merger in 2001 resulted in the largest media company in the world. AOL joined hands with Time Warner to create synergy between its online businesses and Warner's media business. Two significant factors affected the post merger company. One, the dot-com burst meant adverse effect on AOL’s advertising revenues. And two, dial-up subscribers decreased thereby affecting revenues and overall profitability of AOL. A key element in the turnaround strategy should be to offer free content on its portal. This strategy will benefit AOL in attracting more online users and advertising revenues. When AOL began operations it soon became the leading company for-pay online subscriber service, bringing easy-to-use Internet service to more than 30 million users. AOL was mainly based on around its dial up business. With customers shifting to broadband, AOL was losing subscribers rapidly. The dial-up segment though profitable, was declining in revenues having lost 2. 6 million subscribers in a period of one year. The share price of AOL Time Warner fell by 60% after the merger. The merger was heavily criticized from all quarters. Growth in advertising business came with AOL establishing itself as a support service rather than an internet access provider. Seeing AOL’s success Google entered into a global advertising partnership with the AOL. Google acquired a 5% equity stake in AOL for US$ 1 billion. In broadband, to be able to beat the competition they should be the first organization to define the category of streaming broadband, bringing relevant content and relevant programming into the broadband household so as to let people search for the video and music they want to view and listen to. Provision of other a la carte and premium services, such as being a place for people to store pictures, documents and e-mails they create or receive while they're on the Web. It makes sense. What people want is all their assets available all the time, regardless of where they are. This is especially important for multichannel users, who will be a larger and larger portion of our customer base. Part of the day, people will need to access AOL from their laptops or at home on high-speed DSL or cable, or a smart phone or communication-enabled PDA. The organization should be re-energized. There should be a reaffirmed commitment, a new management team on the field. Positioning the brand and regaining trust are all smart things to do and it will serve as the litmus tests for the decisions to be made. Now, they must be able to recognize emerging trends and stake out our role in them before they take hold among consumers. The overall success of this business long-term will be their ability to integrate best-in-class technology and programming and create compelling value for each of its targeted customer segments. As a technologist, could you ask for a better role? Every decision matters. 5. 0 CONCLUSION The credo of the combined AOL Time Warner was synergy, the idea that the companies would be greater than the sum of their parts because each of the divisions would help market the others. But the dream never materialized. The fast-growing AOL online service was supposed to be the juggernaut that would cause the whole company to grow at 30 percent a year. It turned out that AOL was unable to sustain its own growth rate, much less carry Time Warner. In the end, however, the true success of the AOL Time Warner merger will be won or lost, on the company’s ability to leverage its promising collection of cable networks into something more than just a way to see the latest episode of miniseries. That will only be done by bringing AOL’s online expertise into alignment with Time Warner’s stable of media properties, and adding a broad vision of the next chapter of the Internet. This means being the first to create an invisible high-speed grid to deliver interactive services and entertainment to consumers without muss or fuss †¦ anywhere, anytime, over any device. If AOL Time Warner can do that, the company may be able to create the most ironclad and lucrative relationship with the consumers of the future. â€Å"

Personality Theory Bandura Carl Rogers - 3322 Words

Running head: Albert Bandura Carl Rogers Compare and Contrast Social Cognitive and Humanistic Theories of Personality to the case study entitled Myesha Course: PSCY3017 Personality Theory II Personality is an intriguing component in psychology vital for the perception of human beings. Understanding and defining personality has proven to be a difficult task. It is so complex, in fact, that no single theory can adequately define it. If one was to ask an ordinary individual to do so, some of the most common answers might be â€Å"a person’s characteristics† or â€Å"the impression (s) one makes on others†. Personality Theorists on the other hand view personality as the essence of the person, the individual’s†¦show more content†¦For instance Myesha quickly realized that Law was not for her. She considered dropping out of the University as she had gotten involved with a spoken word group around this time. As a result, her stepfather threatened to stop supporting her if she dropped out and this placed a strain on family relationships. These are all factors of cause and effect, which are influencing each other. Bandura views Myesha as an agentic operator in her life. He would believe that she has the capability to intentionally make things happen by her actions and that she is not an â€Å"onlooking host of internal mechanisms orchestrated by environmental events† (Bandura, 2001, p.2). Individuals are sentient agents of experiences rather than simply undergoers of experience. The sensory motor and cerebral systems are tools people use to accomplish the tasks and goals that give meaning and direction in their lives (Harrà © Gillet 1994). Carl Rogers also agrees to some degree with Bandura, in the belief that the environment also affects us and the people in our environment determine what our behavior will be like (Pervin, Cervone John, 2005). He also believes that her experience in the spoken word group can have an impact on her personal growth and individual experiences. The belief is that Myesha’s experiences are unique, and that her perception of the world is critical to understanding and achie ving a particular behavior that would be identical to her becomingShow MoreRelatedIs Personality Based On Science?986 Words   |  4 PagesIs personality based on science? Is personality a science? Precisely, what is personality? There has been many theories about personality as it has been viewed differently over the years. With personality, no two theories are the same just as no two individuals are. Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. 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